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Arts
& Culture is integral part of Santal society. It reserves vast
& rich cultural heritage. Infact Santals are most remembered by their arts and culture. Here we
will give some links towards by some of the scholarly works and also some description of it.
First
Santali Feature Film. It is land mark for santals. Chandu Lekhon
the first full length Santali feature film released last December, 2001. Lakhan Murmu, a famous Santali Jatra artist
Cast the lead role as well co-producer. The first of
its kind in India. Santali, is the tribal language spoken in Jharkhand, Midnapore,
Bardhaman, Orissa, & Purulia would attract the tribals towards cinema. The man behind such noble thought is Jogin Dey the executive producer of the Santali feature film. This film directed by RadhaRani famous Ajit Banerjee; music will
be composed by Bappa Chatterjee, new face and Singrai (tribal
musician). The playback singers are Tarun Hembram and
Shefali Hembram. The script is written in Santali alphabets called Olchiki Script.
Santal Musical Instruments:
Tirio:
The instrument most favoured by Santals, is bamboo flute with seven holes. It is viewed as a symbols of love and seduction.
Dhodro
banam: is a bowed instrument carved out of a single log of wood of a tree which according to Santal story,
grew out of the flesh of a human being. It consits of a belly(lac) covered with an animal skin on which rests the bridge(sadam,
lit, horse), an open chest( korom), a short neck(hotok)and a head( bohok) which is often beautifully carved in the shape of
a human head, a couple or whole groups of humans or of animals. If the is a head, the tuning peg is inserted in the ear(lutur),
and the gut string comes out the mouth.
Phet
banam: is a fretless stringed instrument with three or four strings. The waisted belly is completely covered by animal
skin.
Tumdak,is
also known as madol, is a two faced drum with a body brunt clay. Both heads the left one broader than the right are covered
by bullock hide and are beaten by the left and right hand.
Tamak:
is a bowl shaped kettle drum. Its body is made of thin metal sheets, covered by bullock hide and beaten by a pair of sticks.
Junko:
is an onomatopoeic description of sounds of the ankle bells, which are cast in metal in the shape of buds and tied to the
feet of dancers from where they produce rhythmical sounds.
Singa:
is a S-shaped wind instrument played in pairs in weddings. Made of brass of copper, it is usually constructed in the three
pierces with mouthpiece at the blowing end and a conic opening at the other.
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The tribal art of India
is widely neglected in Europe and America. Its meaning is largely unknown and it is generally overshadowed
by Classical Indian art. European artists at the beginning of the century made us aware of the arts of
Africa and Oceania, and perhaps now we should learn to appreciate the formal language of Indian tribal art as
well.
Santhal Pats( Kajal
SenGupta):It is generally agreed that before the arrival of the Aryans in Bengal (a large part
of Eastern Bihar was in Bengal at that time)proto-Australoid neotithic tribes lived here. Santhals are believed to be descended
from them. They are long-headed (dolicocephalic ),flat-nosed (platyrrhine),stocky will dark brown skin. The present
day Santhals still bear these characteristics. They have no religion in our sense, yet they believe in the super
Santhali painters
mainly remained entirely naïve as they hardly came under the influences of the mughals, Rajput or the British.
Santhal tribal paintings are drawn by a special community called Jadu Patua or magic painters in the Santhal Paragana district
of Bengal/Bihar borders. These paintings depict subjects of santhal community life. Executed on paper with organic materials.
Unfortunately the Patua art is handicapped due to the lack of precise dating.
Primal Elements
in the Santhal Musical Texts(Onkar Prasad):In traditional vision, man is a replica of the cosmos. He is constituted
of five basic elements sky, air, fire, water and earth. His life-cycle, mode of thought and pattern of behaviour are all governed
by the cosmic laws. This primal vision of man is found to be fully integrated both in textual and oral traditions. While in
the textual tradition it has been very systematically and analytically presented, ........
A Santhal Myth Five
Elements(by Kanak Mital): This chapter draws upon the IGNCA thesaurus project under the Loka Parampara programme
(Appendix). It is the first in-house project of the life-style study of the Santhals of Santhal Parganas and was taken up
in 1988. The two dictionaries, in several volumes, on the Santhals by J. Campbell (1953) and P.O. Bodding (1929), form the
base of the thesaurus. The beginning of the thesaurus was made from this point and it is webbed around the elements. .......
Five Elements in
Santhal Healing(by N. Patnaik): The Santhals believe that as long as the balance between human beings and
nature and supernatural beings is maintained there would be harmony, peace, health and happiness in life. It is their belief
that any sinful act, incest and infringement of social customs makes anyone who commits such an offence suffer from illness.
Otherwise a human being has a natural right to live up to old age in good health and die a natural death.
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